Chapter
VII : Accent .... .... ....
Accent, pitch, stress, syllable. 45 Syllabic division of Hindi words.
1 Long, short, close and open syllables. 47 Accentuation of Hindi
words.
Chapter
IX : Introductory .... .... ....
52 Sentence : Subject and Predicate. 53. Extensions of subject and
predicate. 54 Verb. 55-56 Predicative words and object. 57 Object,
Transitive Verbs. 58 Intransitive Verbs. 59 Predicative words referring
to object. 60 Parts of Speech. 61 Definition, Classification and
Functions of Noun; grammatical relations, Case. 62 Pronoun. 63 Adjective.
64 Verb, Transitive and Intransitive; Primary and Secondary objects;
Tenses and Moods. 65 Adverb. 66 Preposition and Post-position. 67
Conjunction. 68 Interjection. 69 Hindi words classified according
to their origin: Tadbhava, Tatsama, Semi-tatsama, Deshi and Foreign.
Chapter
X : Nouns .... .... ....
70 Definition. 71 Proper Noun. 72 Common Noun. 73 Abstract Noun.
74 Material Noun. 75 Collective Noun. 76 Gender, Number and Case.
77 Gender : Masculine and Feminine: Natural and Grammatical Gender;
the Neuter Gender in Hindi, Common gender.
Chapter
XI : Number .... .... ....
78 Singular and Plural, Honorific Plural. 79 Modified and unmodified
plurals. Masculine Nouns, Exceptions. Feminine Nouns, Exceptions.
81 Periphrastic Pluurals. 82 Summary. 83 Plurals denoting indefinite
unmber and quantity.
Chapter
XII : Case .... .... ....
84 Definition 85 The grammatical relations. 86 Direct and Oblique
Cases. 87 The Direct Case. 88 The Oblique Case, the Case-signs.
89 The unmodified Oblique.
90 Rules for the formation of the Oblique. 91-93 Summary.
Chapter
XIV : Case - The Direct Form .... .... ....
94 Uses of the Direct Form; subject and its predicative word, inanimate
object, animate object, primary object, predicative words referring
to the object.
Chapter
XV : Case - The Oblique Form .... .... ....
95 The Case-signs (post-positions). 96 ܽ : Subject of past transitive
Verb, exceptions. 97 ܽ : involuntary subject, animate object,
object in the neutral construction, secondary object, object of
incomplete Verb, Adverbs of time. 98 ܽ : passive subject, indirect
objects of , ܻ, etc., means, instrument or agency, manner,
cause, reason, origin, association, separation, starting point,
duration, difference. 99 ܽ : location, duration, price, comparison.
100 ܣ : location, time, sequence, cause, object. 101 : possession,
relationship, material, worth, measure, source, cause, subject,
part, purpose, characteristics. 102 The Vocative Case. 103 The Forms
of the Vocative.
Chapter
XVI : Pronouns .... .... ....
104 Definition and uses. 105 Number and Case. 106 Classification.
107 Personal Pronouns : , ۟, ܻ, ܺ, ܜ, , ܽ, ,
ܽ; honorific plural. 108 Demonstrative Pronouns : , ܽ, ,
ܽ. 109 Reflexive Pronouns: ܜ (), ܛ, ܛܽ, ܜ, ܡܿ,
ܺ. ܛܽ-ܜ. 110 Relative Pronoun : ܽ. 111 Indefinite Pronouns
: ܽ and Ŏ. 112 Interrogative Pronouns : ܾ and ơ;
as an interrogative particle; ܾ and ơ as relative pronouns;
exclamatory ơ; adverbial ơ.
Chapter
XVII : Pronouns : The Oblique Form .... .... ....
113 Case-signs. 114 Oblique forms : , , ܬ, ܬ, Ŭ,
Ŭ; , , ܛ, ܛ, ś, ś, ܺ, ܺ; ܽ,
ܽ, ۟ܣ, ܺܣ. 115 ܽ, ۽, ܽ , ۽ , ܺܽ,
۟ܽ, ܺܽ, ܺ۽. 116 Oblique of ܜ. 117 Oblique of Reflexive
ܜ (ܛ).
Chapter
XVIII : Pronouns : Miscellaneous .... .... ....
118 Compound Pronouns : ܛܽ-ܜ, ܜܬܽ-ܜ, ܜ--ܜ,
ܽ Ŏ, etc. 119 Miscellaneous Pronouns : ۺ, ܺ, ܜܬ,
ܣܣ, -ڻܣ, ť, ťܛ. 120 The Reflexive ܛ.
121 Periphrastic Plural. 122 Case-signs not to be tagged on.
Chapter
XIX : Adjective .... .... ....
123 Definition. 124 Classification. 125 Pronouns used as Adjectives.
126 Possessive Adjectives : and forms. 127 Inflection. 128-29-.
130 ܾ, ܣ. 131 ܽ , ܾ-. 132-35 Comparative
and Superlative Degrees : ܽ, ܽ, (`selective') ܽ,
ܽ , ܽ ܈, ܁ţ, ܒţ. 136 Adjectives used as
Nouns. 137 Pronominal Adjectives of Quality ( etc.), Quantity
(ܛ etc.), and number (ܛܽ etc.). 138 Present and past Participles.
139-40 Predicative uses of Adjectives. 141 , , ܿ,
etc. 142 Comparative and Superlative endings -ܣ and ܟ.
Chapter
XX : Numerals .... .... ....
143 Definition and Classification : Cardinals, Ordinals and Multiplicatives.
144 The Cardinals. 145 Numerals denoting quantity. 146 `Collective'
Adjectives of Number : ܽ, ܽ, ܾ, ܿ, ڏě,
, ܽ . 147 Fractions. 148 `Fractions' of hundred,
thousans etc. 149 Approximation : ܽ, ܊ܞ܊, ܡ; .
150 Approximation : ܽ-, ܽ-ܾ, -ܣ etc. 151 ť,
܈, ںť. 152 Certain Numerals affected by gender etc.
153 Indefinite Numerals: Ŏ, ۺ, ܽ, Ń, ܽ, ܝ,
ܣ etc. 154 Repeated Numerals. 155 Aggregatives. 156 Multitudinous.
157 Ordinals. 158-59 Multiplicatives. 160 Pronominal Adjectives
of Number. 161 Units tens, hundred, etc. 162 Ϲ, ܽ, .
163 =a certain
VERBS
Chapter
XXI : Verbs : Introductory .... .... ....
164 Definition. 165 Kinds: Transitive and Intransitive, Incomplete,
Original Passives. 166 Causatives. 167 Helping Verbs, Aspect, Compound
Verbs. 168 Auxiliaries. 169 Forms of Verbs: Aspect, Voice, Mood,
Tense, Construction. 170 Aspect; Terminate, Progressive, Iterative,
Intensive etc., Terminate and Progressive forms. 171 Voice: Active,
Passive, Impersonal. 172 Mood; Imperative, Indicative, Subjunctive
(Optative, Potential, Contingent, Presumptive). 173 Tense: Present,
Past, Future, Present Perfect, Habitual Past Perfect. 174 Construction:
Subjectival, Objectival and Neutral. 175 Representation of the ``forms'';
Finite and Infinitive Verbs; Root.
Chapter
XXII; The Imperative Mood .... .... ....
176 Introductory. 177 Meaning of the Imperative. 178 The Imperative
restricted to the Second Person. 179 The Present forms of the Imperative.
180 The Future forms of the Imperative. 181 The Exclamatory Imperative.
182 Present Imperative referring to future; the Prohibitive.
Chapter
XXIII : The Indicative Present .... .... ....
183 Meaning. 184 Formation. 185 The Present Participle. 186 Modifications
of Present Participle. 187 The Present forms of Substantive Verb.
188 Present Indicative forms of ܥ. 189 Construction. 190 Aspect.
191 Formation of the Negative. 192 The Interrogative form. 193 The
Terminate and the Progressive.
Chapter
XXIV : Indicative Past .... .... ....
194 Indicative Past and Past Participle. 195 The Past Participle.
Formation. 196 Modification of Past Participle; Past Indicative
Forms of ܥ: Exceptional Forms. 197 Past Participle and Indicative
Past. 198 Construction, the ܽ forms. 199 Exceptions: , ܻ,
ܟܐ, ܈, ܽ, , ٣, ܥ do not take ܽ. 200 The Neutral
Construction. 201 The Intransitive Verbs , ¬. 202 Indicative
Past and Habitual Past.
Chapter
XXVII : The Habitual Past .... .... ....
212 Meaning. 213 Formation. 214 Habitual Past Forms of . 215
The Frequentative Past. 216 Aspect. 217 Construction, the negative
and the interrogative forms.
Chapter
XXVIII : The Past Perfect .... .... ....
218 Meaning. 219 Formation. 220 Construction, Verbs with and without
ܽ. 221 The Neutral Construction. 222 Aspect. 223-24 Summary of
Chapters III-VIII.
Chapter
XXIX : The Subjunctive Mood .... .... ....
225 Meaning. 226 Forms Classified; Optative, Potential, Presumptive
and Contingent. 227 The Optative; meaning and formation. 228 Usage
and Construction. 229 The Potential : meaning and formation. 230
Usage and Construction. 231 The Presumptive : meaning and formation.
232 Usage and Construction. 233 The Contingent : meaning and formation.
234 The First Form. 235 Usage and Construction.
Chapter
XXXII : Compound Verbs .... .... ....
246 Nature and form etc. 247 The Second Causal : True and ``false''.
248 The original passives. 249 Formation of the First and the Second
Causals. 250 The Subject and the object of a causal. 251 `` Substitute''
causals.
Chapter
XXXIII : Compound Verbs .... .... ....
252 Formation : Main and Subsidiary Verbs. 253 Signification : Aspect.
254 Classification. 255 Construction. 256 Bare root as the main
Verb; Subsidiaries: ܛ, ܛ, ؛, ܾ؛, ܽ, ڽ
etc. 257 Infinitive: as the Main Verb: unmodified and oblique. 258
The Unmodified Infinitive; Subsidiaries; ۛ, , ܽ,
ܹۇ. 259 The Oblique Infinitive; Subsidiaries : ܊ܛ, ڽ,
ܛ. 260 Present Participle as the Main verb; Subsidiaries; ܛ,
ۛ, ܛ, ܛܛ. 261 Past Participle as the Main Verb; Subsidiaries;
ܛ, ܛ, , ţ, etc.; The Aspects in Hindi. 262-63.
The Progressive Form : ۛ. 267 The Verbs ڽ and . 268
Passive Verbs denoting ``action''. 269 Exceptional compounds ,
ډܛ, ܥܛ. 270 , ܽ, ܹۇ and ܛ.
Chapter
XXXIV : The Passive and the Impersonal .... .... ....
271 The Passive: Definition etc. 272 Formation of Passives. 273
Subject of Passive. 274 The ``Original'' or the ``Natural'' Passives.
275 ܽ as Passive. 276 ܽ, ܥܛ and ܛ as Passives.
277 ܹۇ. 278 The Impersonal Voice. 279 Passive and Impersonal
distinguished.
ADVERBS,
POST-POSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS
AND INTERJECTIONS
Chapter
XXXV : Adverbs .... .... ....
280 Definition and Meaning. 281 Classes. 282 Pronominal Adverbs.
283 Pronominal Adverbs of Time, Place, Direction and Manner. 284
The Emphatic Particle . 285 Special uses of certain Pronominal
Adverbs. 286. Pronominal Adverbs used as Nouns. 287 Pronominal Adjectives
used as Adverbs. 288 Adverbs other than Pronominal. 289 Certain
Adjectives used as Adverbs. 290 Certain Nouns used as Adverbs. 291
Certain Verbs used as Adverbs. 292 ``Original'' Adverbs classified
as of Time, Place, Manner and Degree. 293 Adverbs of Affirmation
and Negation. 294 Particles: , , ܽ, ܈, ܣ and ma$. 295
ܣ.
Chapter
XXXVI : Post-positions .... .... ....
296 Definition; Prepositions and Post-positions. 297 Post-positions
attached with or without Case-Signs. 298 The nature of post-positions.
299 Some Important post-positions. 300 Certain post-positions placed
before Nouns.
Chapter
XXXVIII : Interjections .... .... ....
303 Definition. 304 Uses. 305 Some Important Interjections. 306
Certain Nouns, Pronouns, Adjectives and Verbs used as Interjections.
307 Certain Interjections used as Nouns.
SYNTAX
Chapter
XXXIX : Miscellaneous .... .... ....
308 Determination of Gender. 309 The Honorific Plural. 310 Use of
ܽ. 311 ܽ and ܽ . 312 Special uses of ܽ. 313 ܽ. 314
. 315 or . 316 ܺܽ-ܺ܈ܽ etc. 317-19 Use of the
reflexive ܛ. 320 Use of the Progressive Aspect. 321 Present
used as Past and Future ; Negative present as Volitive. 322 Past
used as Future. 323 Future used Proverbially, or as Imperative,
Presumptive etc. 324 Use and meaning of Present Perfect. 325 Use
and meaning of Habitual Past. 326 Progressive form of the Present
Participle. 327 Past Participle with ۺ and ܡ.
Chapter
XXXX : Concord : Voice and Construction .... .... ....
328 Construction in the Active Voice. 329 Construction in the Passive
Verbs signifying ``Experience''. 330 Construction in the Passive
Voice. 331 Consturction in the Impersonal Voice. 332 Number, Person
and Gender of Verb. 333 Two or more subjects. 334 Subjects summed
up by ܽܽ and ܝ. 335 Pronominal subjects of different persons.
336 Two or more objects.
Chapter
XXXXI : Order of Words .... .... ....
337 The Normal order. 338 Adjectives. 339 and forms.
340 Adverbs. 341 Nouns having ܽ. 342 Nouns with ܽ or ܣ. 343
, and 344 The Particles , ܽ, etc. 345 Change
in the Normal Order. 346 ơ.
APPENDICES
Appendix
I : Prefixes and Suffixes .... .... ....
1 Prefixes. 2 Sources. 3 Tatsama Prfixes. 4 Tadbhava Prefixes. 5
Arabic and Persian Prefixes. 6 Suffixes. 7 Classification: Primary
and Secondary. 8 Primary Suffixes.9 Secondary Suffixes. 10 Certain
Persian Suffixes.
Appendix
II Gender Forms .... .... ....
Determination of Gender. 2-7 Formation of Feminine Nouns. 8 Independent
words as Feminine forms. 9 Masculine Nouns derived from Feminine
Nouns.
Appendix
III : Compounds .... .... ....
1-2 Formation. 2 Modification of the first member. 4 Classification.
5 Co-ordinate Compounds. 6 Determinative Compounds. 7-8 Dependent
Determinatives. 9-12 Descriptive Determinatives. 13. Adverbial Determinatives.
14 Possessive Compounds. 15 Possessives and Determinatives formed
with Prefixes. 16 The same compound as Possessive or as Determinative.
Appendix
IV : Miscellaneous .... .... ....
1-2 Marks of Punctuation. 3 Days of the Week. 4 Months of the Year.
5 The Era. 6 Weights. 7 Linear Measures. 8 Areas. 9 Time.
