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118. Compound
Pronouns : Two or more Pronouns may be compounded, or the
same Pronoun repeated to denote various shades of meanings.
The following are some of the more important combinations:-
- ܛܽ-ܜ
See 109 (c) and 287 (f).
- ܜ-ܽ-ܜ
= ܛܽ-ܜ adverb. See 287h, App. III 5 (i).
- ܜ--ܜ
`by oneself', `to oneself', `aside (in dramas)'. See 287
(g) and App. III, 5 (h).
- ܽ ܽ
`who (so)ever,' ܽ Ŏ `what(so) ever':
ܽ ܽ
܇, ܈ ܊ ۾ `whosoever comes is welcome'.
ܽ Ŏ ܥܽ,
ܽ `keep whatever you get'.
- ܽ-ܽ=ܽ
ܽ or ܽ-Ŏ
ܽ-ܽ ܇,
ܽ ܥ܂ܽ `whosoever may come, feed him'.
ܽ-ܽ ܹۇ,
ܥܽ `whatsoever is required, will be given'.
- ܽ =
ܽ :
ڟ ܣ
ܡ ܽ ܣ `the man, who was ill, is dead'.
ܽ is
now archaic, and may be discarded.
- ܽ-ܽ
`some, a few' (archaic):
ܽ-ܽ
ܽ ܟ ţܽ `some, work during the night'.
- ܝ ܽ
`all, everybody (prural)' (archaic):
ܝ ܽ
ܝܽ ܽ `everybody gets up in the morning.'
- ۣ ܽ =
ܝ ܽ `everybody' [but singular (archaic)]:
ۣ ܽ ܛ
۾ `everybody knows'.
- ܽ--ܽ
(App. III 5 (j) `someone or the other,' `somebody or the
other,';
ܣ ܽ ܽ--ܽ
ܩ ܽ `someone or the other must be in the house.'
(11) ܽ.....ܽ `some.....others',
or `one......another';
ܽ
۽ , ܽ ۽ `some are coming, others are
going';
ܽ
۾, ܽ ܺ `one is good, another is bad'.
This use of
ܽ....ܽ is conjunctive.
- Ŏ Ŏ
(App. III 5 (j) `someone or the other':
۟ Ŏ--Ŏ
ţ ܽܽ `we shall do something or the other';
(13) Ŏ
Ŏ `something quite different from what was
intended or expected':
ܺܛܽ
Ŏ Ŏ ܟܐ ܡ `you took it quite differently';
Ŏ
Ŏ ܽ ܡ `something unexpected happened'.
(14) ܝ
-Ŏ `everybody gets up in the morning'.
ܺܽ
ܝ-Ŏ ܥ ܡ `I got everything ';
ܽ
ܝ-Ŏ ܡ `I lost everything'.
(15) ۺ
Ŏ `a great deal' [also used as an Adverb. See
287
(c)]:
ܟ ܽ
ۺ-Ŏ ܥܻ ۾ `Ram knows a great deal'.
(16) Ŏ Ŏ
`somewhat', `a little' [Adj. or Adv. See 287 (c)
]:
ܺܽ Ŏ-Ŏ
ܺܣ ۾ `I have a little feer'.
- ܽ ܾ `someone
else, anybody else':
ܽۛ
, ܽ ܾ `It was not Mohan, it was someone
else';
ơ ܽ
ܾ ۾? `is there anybody else?'
- ܾ ܽ=ܽ
ܾ
ܾ ܽ
ܡ `nobody else came'.
- ܽ ڻܣ
= ܽ ܾ
ܽ ڻܣ
۾ `he is somebody else'.
- Ŏ ܾ `something
else', `a little more':
Ŏ ܾ ܇ `please
take a little more'.
Ŏ ܾ ܺ܂ܽ `tell
us something else'.
- ܾ Ŏ `something
else':
ܺܽ ܾ
Ŏ ܹۇ `I need nothing else'.
ܾ Ŏ? `(do
you want etc.) anything else?'
- Ŏ.....Ŏ `some....some'
[Conjunctive. [See 302 (a) (iii)]:
- ܽ- See
131.
- ܾ- See
131.
- ܾ-ܾ `which
persons?':
ܽ ܘ
ܾ-ܾ ܥܽ `which (Plural) of you will
accompany me?'
(ܾ-ܾ
is usually Singular in form, but Plural in sense. Sometimes
ܾ-ܾ has the Plural form).
- ơ-ơ `which
things?', `what things?':
܃ {ܣ
ܽ ơ-ơ ܇ ? `what things has brother brought
of situation, usually for the worse.
- ơ-ܽ-ơ
denotes unexpected and abruptchange of situation, usually
for the worse.
- ơ.....ơ
is adverbial and denotes, equally, without difference or
distinction. It has a conjunctive force.
ơ ܺ,
ơ , ܽܽ ܻ `you and he are both (equally)
fools'.
ơ ܚě,
ơ ܛ, ܞ ܣܽ `whether rich or poor, all
will pass away'.
- All Pronouns,
Singular or Plural, Direct or Oblique, may be combined with
the emphatic particle :
`I
myself', ܻ `thou thyself'
ܜ `you
yourself (honorific)', ܽ `hardly any one',
Ŏ `hardly
something, hardly a few'
Most of these
compounds, however, are affected by Sandhi [50(c) and
9(d)] and are slightly modifed :
ܺ +
= ܺ, ܺ + = ܺ, ۟ + = (۟), ܺ+=ܺ
(ܺ), + = , + = , +
= , + = , ܬ + = ܬ, Ŭ+
= Ŭ, + = (), + = (),
ܛ + = ܛ (ܨ), ś+ = ś (ś).
Note that:-
- Ŭ and
ś serve as Singular and Plural obliques of ܽ.
- The nasalized
forms ۟, ܺ etc. are used only in pronounciation.
They are written without the dot.
- Miscellaneous
Pronouns :
- ܺ
`so and so':
(2) ۺ `several,
a lot, a good many':
ܺ-ܾܽ
ܽ ۺ ڽܽ `I have seen a lot like
you!'
- ܜܬ
(ܽ or ) `each other, one another, among themselves'.
ܜܬ
ܽ ܽ `do not quarrel with each other.'
ܜܬ
`mutual, internal'.
(4) ܣܣ
`mutually (adverb)'.
(5) -ڻܣ
`each other, one another':
-ڻܣ
ܽ ܣܽ `do not beat each other'.
-ڻܣ
ܽ ܽ `do not fight (or qurrel) with each other'.
- ....ڻܣ
( or ڻܣ) `one....the other' or `some....others'.
They
have conjunctive force:
ܺ ۾, ڻܣ ں ۾ `one is happy,
the other is unhappy';
ܛ ۾, ںܣ ܚě `one is rich, the other
is poor'.
(7) ťܿ,
ťܛ `so and so':
ťܿ
ܽ ܺ܂ܽ `call so and so'.
The or
forms of Pronouns, when referring to the subject of the
senternce, are always replaced by the reflexive ܛ.
See 109 (d).
ܟ ܛ
(not ܈) ܁ ۾ `Ram reads his lesson'.
ܽ
ܛ (not ܈) ܝ ܥ `The boy tore up
his book'.
ܛܽ ܛܽ
(not ܈) ܃ ܽ `He told his brother'.
ܛܽ (not
ܽ) ܣ ۻ `I am going home'.
ܺ ܛ
(not ܺܣ) ܟ ţܽ `You do your work'.
ܽ ܛ
(not ܈)ܝ ܥ ܃ `He found his book'.
ܟ ܽ ܛ
(not ܈) ܁ ۾ Ram has to read his lesson.'
ܽ ܛܽ
(not ܈) ܃ ܽ ܥ `he came to know from
his brother'.
But ܽ ܈
܃ ܽ ܡ `his brother told him' where ܽ is
not the subject but the object.
Note the difference-
ܬܽ ܛܽ
ܣ ܣ ܥ `I met him at my house'. (Subject )
ܬܽ ܈
ܣ ܣ ܥ `I met him at his house'. (Subject )
ܺܬܽ
ܛܽ ܣ ܣ ܥ `he met me at his house'. (Subject
)
ܺܬܽ
ܽ ܣ ܣ ܥ `he met me at my house'. (Subject
)
(For further
discussion, see 317-319).
However, ܛ
is used as an intensifying Adjective (=own) qualifying the
or forms which it invariably follows: ܟ ܛ
ܣ Ram's own house,' ܽ ܛ ܝ `my own book',
ܺܣ ܛܽ Ŝ `your own clothes' etc.
As in the case
of certain Nouns (see 81), the word ܽ is attached to
a plural Pronoun for defining emphasizing plurality : ܜ
ܽ, ۟ ܽ, ܺ ܽ, ܽ ܽ, ܽ ܽ,
ܽ ܽ, ܾ ܽ etc.
In oblique forms,
ܜ, ܺ and ۟ are not affected while ܽ, ܽ etc.
change to , etc. The case signs are attached to
ܽ only which change to ܽܽ, ܜ ܽܽ ܽ
, ۟ ܽܽ ܽ, ܽܽ ܽ etc.
The word ܝ
is similarly used for denoting plurality: ۟ ܝ, ܽ
ܝ, ܝܽ ܽ, ۟ ܝܽ ܽ, ܺ ܝܽ ܽ
etc.
The case-signs
ܽ ܽ etc. are tagged on to the Pronouns, (95-Note) but
not ܣ ( ܣ, ܺ ܣ).
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