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35. Two or more
consonants (with no vowel, including the inherent between
them) can be combined together and thus form a ``conjunct''.
+ = ň (kka) is a conjunct, so is + = š
(kya) `what?'
36. It is, howwever,
not usual to write a conjunct with the help of a Halmark as
above in š. This mark is rarely used except with the
final consonant of a Sanskrit word [as in ܛ (Mahan)
`great']. Most of the consonants, when forming a conjunct,
omit a part of their original form. This happens sometimes
only to the preceding consonant, sometimes only to the following,
and sometimes to both. Thus , followed by another consonant,
drops its final vertical stroke: š = ơ; but in a conjunct
like +, it is that loses its horizontal stroke Á; in
a conjunct like +, which is written as . both the consonants
are truncated.
37. (a) Most of
the consonants formed and ending with a vertical stroke are
joined to the following consonants by removing the vertical
line. Thus + = , + = , + = ,
+ = . etc.
(b) Those ending
in a vertical half-stroke, drop the same + = ơ,
+ = ɡ.
(c) The rest,
which end in neither a full nor a half-vertical stroke, viz.
, , , , , , and , do not change. When combined with
a following consonant, they may be written with a Hal mark.
Thus + = , + = etc. The practice so far
has been to write them in full, while the following consonant
is written below them with the horizontal stroke omitted :
+ =Ò, + = , + = Á, + =, + =
È, +, however, is , + = .
38. Exceptional
forms:-
- when combined
with a following consonant is written thus i.e. above the
consonant: + =, + =, + =..
But when follows
a consonant, having a vertical stroke, it is written as
a left slanting stroke below and to the left of the vertical
stroke : + =, + =, + = .
When preceded
by , , , , and , it is written thus below: +
=, + = , + = (or )
- + =
(or ) ksha. + = (or ) tra. + = (or
). is generally pronounced as (gya) or (gya).
The correct Sanskrit pronunciation, however, is (jna).
These are sometimes erroneously included in the alphabet.
They are nothing but conjuncts with exceptional forms of
writing.
- The pronunciation
of Anuswwara ( ) is like , , , , . It depends
on the following consonants :
ŋ = ŌË
`comb' or ōܛ=őܛ `gold', etc.
- and ,
when combined with a preceding consonant, change sometimes,
to and and sometimes remain unchanged + =,
+ =,
+=, +=ơ, +=Ɵ, +=, +=á
which is frequently written as .
- + =,
+=, + =.
- +=
or , += or , +=ƈ or ƈ, += or
, +=ƛ or ƛ, += or , or +=ƨ
or ƨ, +=ƥ or ƥ, +=, += or , +=
or , += or , += or , +=,
or .
39. (a) Every
conjunct, like a simple consonant, can be combined with any
vowel-sign or with the inherent :
++=,
++=, ++=ܺ, ++ܽ=ơܽ, (kyo) `why'.
- In combining
more than two consonants, the same rules are followed
++=,
++= or, + += , ++=,
++=,
+++= , etc.
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